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Glossary - Symbols
One or more symbols are used to express mathematical formulae. A partial list of symbols (currently being developed) is as follows:
Symbols |
Meanings |
+ |
positive, addition |
- |
negative, subtraction |
× |
mutliplication |
÷ |
division |
* |
asterisk, multiplcation (computers) |
/ |
slash, forward slash, division (computers) |
⁄ |
fractional slash |
± |
plus and minus (value can be of either sign) |
° |
degree, angle |
≡ |
identical to |
= |
equal sign |
< |
less than |
<= |
=< |
less than or equal to |
> |
greater than |
>= |
=> |
greater than or equal to |
≈ |
approximately equal to |
% |
per cent (n out of 100 parts) |
‰ |
per mille (n out of 1,000 parts) |
‱ |
per myriad (n out of 10,000 parts), per diem, basis point |
¤ |
Currency (but not a specific currency) |
# |
octothorpe, number sign, cross-hatch |
( |
) |
opening and closing parenthesis (respectively), brackets |
ƒ |
florin, function |
π |
pi (the constant ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter) |
√ |
square root, radical sign |
∞ |
infinity |
… |
horizontal ellipsis |
′ |
imperial feet, minutes, [single] prime (not an apostrophe) |
″ |
imperial inches, seconds, double prime (not a quotation mark) |
Advanced mathematical operators:
Symbols |
Meanings |
∀ |
for all |
∂ |
partial differential |
∝ |
proportional to... |
∇ |
nabla, backward difference |
∏ |
n-ary product, product sign, prod (not the same as the Greek capital letter for "pi" despite its similar appearance) |
∑ |
n-ary sumation, sum (not the same as the Greek capital letter for "sigma" despite its similar appearance) |
− |
minus sign, subtraction |
∗ |
asterisk operator |
∠ |
angle |
∟ |
right angle |
⊥ |
up tack, orthogonal to, perpendicular |
∧ |
logical "and," wedge |
∨ |
logical "or," vee |
∫ |
integral |
∆ |
increment |
∴ |
therefore |
∼ |
tilde operator, varies with, similar to (not the same as the "tilde" character despite its similar appearance) |
≈ |
almost equal to, asymptotic to |
≅ |
approximately equal to |
≡ |
identical to |
≤ |
less-than or equal to |
≥ |
greater-than or equal to |
≠ |
not equal to |
∩ |
intersection, cap |
∪ |
union, cup |
⊂ |
subset of |
⊃ |
superset of |
⊄ |
not a subset of |
⊆ |
subset of or equal to |
⊇ |
superset of or equal to |
∈ |
element of |
∉ |
not an element of |
∋ |
contains as member, ni (as in Monty Python's The Knights of "Ni") |
∃ |
there exists |
∅ |
empty set, null set, diameter |
⊕ |
circled plus, direct sum |
⊗ |
circled times, vector product |
¬ |
not |
⋅ |
dot operator (not the same as the Georgian comma, a.k.a., "middle dot," despite its similar appearance) |
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